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LAMONT-DOHERTY GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, PALISADES, NEW YORK 10964
Abstract
We report the results of some numerical experiments that bring out the low-pass characteristics of a purely elastic medium with a heterogeneous velocity structure. Although the typical fluctuation is spatially confined within less than a wavelength, waves propagating over a sufficiently long path suffer major cumulative effects. We summarize the removal of high frequencies during transmission by a frequency-independent apparent Q, and show that attenuation by intrinsic friction and scattering are approximately additive. We propose some diagnostics that might help to distinguish the presence of velocity fluctuations and resultant scattering from the presence of anelasticity and true dissipation. When scattering dominates over intrinsic friction: (1) the coda of a transmitted wave contains relatively higher frequencies than the initial pulse; (2) the attenuation deduced from the power spectrum of the transmitted wave is greater than that deduced from the phase spectrum; (3) compressional and shear wave apparent Q's are approximately equal; and (4) estimates of apparent Q made from reflected coda vary with frequency, while estimates made from the transmitted waves do not. We also outline several topics in the theory of wave propagation that will be relevant in a satisfactory interpretation of short-period observations, if the amplitude of such signals is affected by scattering.
Footnotes
* Present address: School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
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