Quick Search:    advanced search

GSW Home   GeoRef Home   My GSW Alerts   Contact GSW   About GSW   Journals List   Help

This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by STUMP, B. W. Articles by REINKE, R. E. Search for Related Content GeoRef GeoRef Citation

Experimental confirmation of superposition from small-scale explosions

SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES, DALLAS, TEXAS 75275
AIR FORCE WEAPONS LABORATORY/NTESG KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE,, NEW MEXICO 87117-6008

Abstract

An in situ experimental program in alluvium is implemented and analyzed to test linear superposition. After separating stochastic and deterministic propagation path effects, direct superposition is experimentally validated at 20 m for two 5-lb charges spaced as close as 2 m in alluvium. The charges are separated by the scaled range of 147 m/kt^1/3 and observed at the scaled range of 1470 m/kt^1/3. Finite-spatial source effects are observed and simulated in the plane passing through two charges separated by 2 to 10 m. The deterministic single-burst waveforms are used to model the multiple-burst data. The effects observed and simulated include direct superposition below the corner frequency, shift to lower corner frequency with increasing charge separation, and spectral scalloping. For charges closely spaced (up to 4 m, observed at 20 and 24 m), the primary effect on the waveform is replicated by a constant delay time between two identical waveforms. For charges spaced by 10 m (observed at 20 and 30 m), the effects of propagation path differences must be included. These effects result in smoothed spectra.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. T. Goforth, C. H. Hetzer, and B. W. Stump Characteristics of Regional Seismograms Produced by Delay-Fired Explosions at the Minntac Iron Mine, Minnesota Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2006; 96(1): 272 - 287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Azimuthal Variation of Short-Period Rayleigh Waves from Cast Blasts in Northern Arizona Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2003; 93(2): 724 - 736.

				M. A. H. Hedlin A global test of a time-frequency small-event discriminant Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1998; 88(4): 973 - 988. [Abstract] [PDF]

				W. Y. Kim, D. W. Simpson, and P. G. Richards High-frequency spectra of regional phases from earthquakes and chemical explosions Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1994; 84(5): 1365 - 1386. [Abstract] [PDF]

				Y. GITTERMAN and T. V. ECK Spectra of quarry blasts and microearthquakes recorded at local distances in Israel Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1993; 83(6): 1799 - 1812. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. C. CHAPMAN, G. A. BOLLINGER, and M. S. SIBOL Modeling delay-fired explosion spectra at regional distances Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1992; 82(6): 2430 - 2447. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. A. H. HEDLIN, J. B. MINSTER, and J. A. ORCUTT An automatic means to discriminate between earthquakes and quarry blasts Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1990; 80(6B): 2143 - 2160. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. T. SMITH High-frequency seismic observations and models of chemical explosions: Implications for the discrimination of ripple-fired mining blasts Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1989; 79(4): 1089 - 1110. [Abstract] [PDF]