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Geomatrix Consultants, Inc., San Francisco, California 94111
Abstract
Source parameters for historical earthquakes worldwide are compiled to develop a series of empirical relationships among moment magnitude (M), surface rupture length, subsurface rupture length, downdip rupture width, rupture area, and maximum and average displacement per event. The resulting data base is a significant update of previous compilations and includes the additional source parameters of seismic moment, moment magnitude, subsurface rupture length, downdip rupture width, and average surface displacement. Each source parameter is classified as reliable or unreliable, based on our evaluation of the accuracy of individual values. Only the reliable source parameters are used in the final analyses. In comparing source parameters, we note the following trends: (1) Generally, the length of rupture at the surface is equal to 75% of the subsurface rupture length; however, the ratio of surface rupture length to subsurface rupture length increases with magnitude; (2) the average surface displacement per event is about one-half the maximum surface displacement per event; and (3) the average subsurface displacement on the fault plane is less than the maximum surface displacement but more than the average surface displacement. Thus, for most earthquakes in this data base, slip on the fault plane at seismogenic depths is manifested by similar displacements at the surface. Log-linear regressions between earthquake magnitude and surface rupture length, subsurface rupture length, and rupture area are especially well correlated, showing standard deviations of 0.25 to 0.35 magnitude units. Most relationships are not statistically different (at a 95% significance level) as a function of the style of faulting: thus, we consider the regressions for all slip types to be appropriate for most applications. Regressions between magnitude and displacement, magnitude and rupture width, and between displacement and rupture length are less well correlated and have larger standard deviation than regressions between magnitude and length or area. The large number of data points in most of these regressions and their statistical stability suggest that they are unlikely to change significantly in response to additional data. Separating the data according to extensional and compressional tectonic environments neither provides statistically different results nor improves the statistical significance of the regressions. Regressions for cases in which earthquake magnitude is either the independent or the dependent parameter can be used to estimate maximum earthquake magnitudes both for surface faults and for subsurface seismic sources such as blind faults, and to estimate the expected surface displacement along a fault for a given size earthquake.
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 S. Baize, M. Coulon, C. Hibsch, M. Cushing, F. Lemeille, and E. Hamard Non-tectonic deformations of Pleistocene sediments in the eastern Paris basin, France Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, September 1, 2007; 178(5): 367 - 381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Elias, P. Tapponnier, S. C. Singh, G. C.P. King, A. Briais, M. Daeron, H. Carton, A. Sursock, E. Jacques, R. Jomaa, et al. Active thrusting offshore Mount Lebanon: Source of the tsunamigenic A.D. 551 Beirut-Tripoli earthquake Geology, August 1, 2007; 35(8): 755 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. H. Field A Summary of Previous Working Groups on California Earthquake Probabilities Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2007; 97(4): 1033 - 1053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Megawati Hybrid Simulations of Ground Motions from Local Earthquakes Affecting Hong Kong Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2007; 97(4): 1293 - 1307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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U. Fracassi and G. Valensise Unveiling the Sources of the Catastrophic 1456 Multiple Earthquake: Hints to an Unexplored Tectonic Mechanism in Southern Italy Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2007; 97(3): 725 - 748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Daeron, Y. Klinger, P. Tapponnier, A. Elias, E. Jacques, and A. Sursock 12,000-Year-Long Record of 10 to 13 Paleoearthquakes on the Yammouneh Fault, Levant Fault System, Lebanon Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2007; 97(3): 749 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. B. Sorensen, L. Ottemoller, J. Havskov, K. Atakan, B. Hellevang, and R. B. Pedersen Tectonic Processes in the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone Based on Earthquake Occurrence and Bathymetry Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2007; 97(3): 772 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Numelin, E. Kirby, J. D. Walker, and B. Didericksen Late Pleistocene slip on a low-angle normal fault, Searles Valley, California Geosphere, June 1, 2007; 3(3): 163 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. B. Willis, P. J. Haeussler, R. L. Bruhn, and G. C. Willis Holocene Slip Rate for the Western Segment of the Castle Mountain Fault, Alaska Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2007; 97(3): 1019 - 1024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Villamor, R. Van Dissen, B. V. Alloway, A. S. Palmer, and N. Litchfield The Rangipo fault, Taupo rift, New Zealand: An example of temporal slip-rate and single-event displacement variability in a volcanic environment Geological Society of America Bulletin, May 1, 2007; 119(5-6): 529 - 547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Guo, A. Lin, G. Sun, and J. Zheng Surface Ruptures Associated with the 1937 M 7.5 Tuosuo Lake and the 1963 M 7.0 Alake Lake Earthquakes and the Paleoseismicity along the Tuosuo Lake Segment of the Kunlun Fault, Northern Tibet Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2007; 97(2): 474 - 496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Gaspar-Escribano and B. Benito Ground-Motion Characterization of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity Zones and Implications for Seismic Design: Lessons from Recent Mw ~4.8 Damaging Earthquakes in Southeast Spain Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2007; 97(2): 531 - 544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W.-S. Chen, C.-C. Yang, I-C. Yen, L.-S. Lee, K.-J. Lee, H.-C. Yang, H.-C. Chang, Y. Ota, C.-W. Lin, W.-H. Lin, et al. Late Holocene Paleoseismicity of the Southern Part of the Chelungpu Fault in Central Taiwan: Evidence from the Chushan Excavation Site Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2007; 97(1B): 1 - 13. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Liu-Zeng, Y. Klinger, X. Xu, C. Lasserre, G. Chen, W. Chen, P. Tapponnier, and B. Zhang Millennial Recurrence of Large Earthquakes on the Haiyuan Fault near Songshan, Gansu Province, China Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2007; 97(1B): 14 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Benetatos, D. Dreger, and A. Kiratzi Complex and Segmented Rupture Associated with the 14 August 2003 Mw 6.2 Lefkada, Ionian Islands, Earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2007; 97(1B): 35 - 51. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Camelbeeck, K. Vanneste, P. Alexandre, K. Verbeeck, T. Petermans, P. Rosset, M. Everaerts, R. Warnant, and M. Van Camp Relevance of active faulting and seismicity studies to assessments of long-term earthquake activity and maximum magnitude in intraplate northwest Europe, between the Lower Rhine Embayment and the North Sea Geological Society of America Special Papers, January 1, 2007; 425(0): 193 - 224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. C. Gerstenberger, L. M. Jones, and S. Wiemer Short-term Aftershock Probabilities: Case Studies in California Seismological Research Letters, January 1, 2007; 78(1): 66 - 77. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Helmstetter, Y. Y. Kagan, and D. D. Jackson High-resolution Time-independent Grid-based Forecast for M >= 5 Earthquakes in California Seismological Research Letters, January 1, 2007; 78(1): 78 - 86. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. J. Wilkins and S. J. Naruk Quantitative analysis of slip-induced dilation with application to fault seal AAPG Bulletin, January 1, 2007; 91(1): 97 - 113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. L. Geist, V. V. Titov, D. Arcas, F. F. Pollitz, and S. L. Bilek Implications of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake on Tsunami Forecast and Assessment Models for Great Subduction-Zone Earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, January 1, 2007; 97(1A): S249 - S270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. H. Woodcock, J. A. D. Dickson, and J. P. T. Tarasewicz Transient permeability and reseal hardening in fault zones: evidence from dilation breccia textures Geological Society, London, Special Publications, January 1, 2007; 270(1): 43 - 53. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T. Taymaz, T. J. Wright, S. Yolsal, O. Tan, E. Fielding, and G. Seyitoglu Source characteristics of the 6 June 2000 Orta Cankiri (central Turkey) earthquake: a synthesis of seismological, geological and geodetic (InSAR) observations, and internal deformation of the Anatolian plate Geological Society, London, Special Publications, January 1, 2007; 291(1): 259 - 290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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