|
|
 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||
 |
|||||||||||||||||
| JOURNAL HOME | HELP | CONTACT PUBLISHER | SUBSCRIBE | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
U.S. Geological Survey Denver Federal Center, Box 25046 MS 966, Denver, CO 80225
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-203, Livermore, CA 94551
Abstract
This article compares techniques for calculating broadband time histories of ground motion in the near field of a finite fault by comparing synthetics with the strong-motion data set for the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Based on this comparison, a preferred methodology is presented. Ground-motion-simulation techniques are divided into two general methods: kinematic- and composite-fault models. Green's functions of three types are evaluated: stochastic, empirical, and theoretical. A hybrid scheme is found to give the best fit to the Northridge data. Low frequencies (< 1 Hz) are calculated using a kinematic-fault model and a 3D finite-difference code to propagate energy through a realistic 3D velocity structure. High frequencies (> 1 Hz) are calculated using a composite-fault model with a fractal subevent size distribution and stochastic, bandlimited, white-noise Green's functions. At frequencies below 1 Hz, theoretical elastic-wave-propagation synthetics introduce proper seismic-phase arrivals of body waves and surface waves. The 3D velocity structure more accurately reproduces record durations for the deep sedimentary basin structures found in the Los Angeles region. At frequencies above 1 Hz, scattering effects become important and wave propagation is more accurately represented by stochastic Green's functions. A fractal subevent size distribution for the composite fault model ensures an 
–2 spectral shape over the entire frequency band considered (0.1-20 Hz).
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. Akkar and E. Yenier Assessment of Point-Source Stochastic Simulations Using Recently Derived Ground-Motion Prediction Equations Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2009; 99(6): 3172 - 3191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Boore Comparing Stochastic Point-Source and Finite-Source Ground-Motion Simulations: SMSIM and EXSIM Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2009; 99(6): 3202 - 3216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Pulido and L. A. Dalguer Estimation of the High-Frequency Radiation of the 2000 Tottori (Japan) Earthquake Based on a Dynamic Model of Fault Rupture: Application to the Strong Ground Motion Simulation Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2009; 99(4): 2305 - 2322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Frankel A Constant Stress-Drop Model for Producing Broadband Synthetic Seismograms: Comparison with the Next Generation Attenuation Relations Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2009; 99(2A): 664 - 680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Harmsen, S. Hartzell, and P. Liu Simulated Ground Motion in Santa Clara Valley, California, and Vicinity from M>=6.7 Scenario Earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2008; 98(3): 1243 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Ameri, F. Pacor, G. Cultrera, and G. Franceschina Deterministic Ground-Motion Scenarios for Engineering Applications: The Case of Thessaloniki, Greece Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2008; 98(3): 1289 - 1303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. T. Aagaard, T. M. Brocher, D. Dolenc, D. Dreger, R. W. Graves, S. Harmsen, S. Hartzell, S. Larsen, and M. L. Zoback Ground-Motion Modeling of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, Part I: Validation Using the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2008; 98(2): 989 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Megawati Hybrid Simulations of Ground Motions from Local Earthquakes Affecting Hong Kong Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2007; 97(4): 1293 - 1307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. M. Atkinson Challenges in seismic hazard analysis for continental interiors Geological Society of America Special Papers, January 1, 2007; 425(0): 329 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Liu, R. J. Archuleta, and S. H. Hartzell Prediction of Broadband Ground-Motion Time Histories: Hybrid Low/High- Frequency Method with Correlated Random Source Parameters Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2006; 96(6): 2118 - 2130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Di Alessandro and J. Boatwright A Stochastic Estimate of Ground Motion at Oceano, California, for the M 6.5 22 December 2003 San Simeon Earthquake, Derived from Aftershock Recordings Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2006; 96(4A): 1437 - 1447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. R. Castro and E. Ruiz-Cruz Stochastic Modeling of the 30 September 1999 Mw 7.5 Earthquake, Oaxaca, Mexico Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2005; 95(6): 2259 - 2271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Choi, J. P. Stewart, and R. W. Graves Empirical Model for Basin Effects Accounts for Basin Depth and Source Location Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2005; 95(4): 1412 - 1427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Motazedian and G. M. Atkinson Stochastic Finite-Fault Modeling Based on a Dynamic Corner Frequency Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2005; 95(3): 995 - 1010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hartzell, M. Guatteri, P. M. Mai, P.-C. Liu, and M. Fisk Calculation of Broadband Time Histories of Ground Motion, Part II: Kinematic and Dynamic Modeling Using Theoretical Green's Functions and Comparison with the 1994 Northridge Earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2005; 95(2): 614 - 645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Empirical Corrections for Basin Effects in Stochastic Ground-Motion Prediction, Based on the Los Angeles Basin Analysis Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2003; 93(4): 1679 - 1690.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stochastic Finite-Fault Modeling of Ground Motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake: Application to Rock and Soil Sites with Implications for Nonlinear Site Response Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2003; 93(4): 1691 - 1702.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Site Response, Shallow Shear-Wave Velocity, and Wave Propagation at the San Jose, California, Dense Seismic Array Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2003; 93(1): 443 - 464.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signatures of the Seismic Source in EMD-Based Characterization of the 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake Recordings Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2003; 93(1): 501 - 518.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ground-Motion Attenuation from the 1995 Kobe Earthquake Based on Simulations Using the Hybrid Green's Function Method Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2002; 92(3): 1025 - 1031.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Simulation of Broadband Ground Motion Including Nonlinear Soil Effects for a Magnitude 6.5 Earthquake on the Seattle Fault, Seattle, Washington Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, March 1, 2002; 92(2): 831 - 853.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reply to Comment by R. A. W. Haddon on "Evaluation of Models for Earthquake Source Spectra in Eastern North America" by Gail M. Atkinson and David M. Boore Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 2000; 90(5): 1339 - 1341.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Simulation of Near-Fault Strong-Ground Motion Using Hybrid Green's Functions Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2000; 90(3): 566 - 586.
|
|
| JOURNAL HOME | HELP | CONTACT PUBLISHER | SUBSCRIBE | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
