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Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; October 2009; v. 99; no. 5; p. 2704-2720; DOI: 10.1785/0120080310
© 2009 Seismological Society of America
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Triggered and Primary Surface Ruptures along the Camp Rock Fault, Eastern California Shear Zone

Heitaro Kaneda*

Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan

Thomas K. Rockwell

Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, MC-1020 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182

Correspondence: * Current address: Department of Earth Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan, kaneda@faculty.chiba-u.jp

During the 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake in the eastern California shear zone, only the shallowest part of the central 8 km of the Camp Rock fault apparently ruptured, triggered by coseismic static stress changes. Our detailed tectonic-geomorphic analysis of a 2 km long stretch of the central Camp Rock fault reveals that the 1992 triggered surface rupture differs markedly from earlier primary surface ruptures in terms of its vertical-slip function. We interpret this to be related to a difference in stress directions that induced fault slips: the 1992 static stress changes decreased normal stress on the central Camp Rock fault, thereby inducing a normal component of slip, whereas a minor reverse-slip component is associated with more typical primary seismogenic surface ruptures due to regional north–south compression. Our findings suggest that a detailed geomorphic analysis of a key locality may allow for isolation of triggered surface ruptures from repeated primary surface ruptures identified in paleoseismic studies.






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