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The Hector Mine, California, Earthquake of 16 October 1999: Introduction to the Special Issue

U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, California 94025
(V.E.L., M.J.R.)

Seismological Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California 91125
(E.H.)

View larger version (163K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Oblique satellite view of northern Baja California, Mexico, westernmost Arizona, and all of southern California. Select cities, geographic features, and generalized traces of major faults drawn for reference. Hector Mine rupture (thick black line) and 1992 Landers rupture shown within eastern California shear zone. View to the northwest. Photograph from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Space Shuttle mission STS103, roll 701, frame 39, December 1999.

View larger version (65K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Schematic block diagram with vertical cut along 1999 Hector Mine rupture plane (Simons et al., 2002, this issue) and summarizing basic features and observations of the Hector Mine earthquake. View to the northeast. Features shown in this figure are generalized; for details see appropriate article in this issue. Magnitude, Mw 7.1; Time, 9h 46m UTC, 16 October 1999; hypocentral depth, 5 ± 4 km (Hauksson et al., 2002); seismic moment, 6.28 x 1019 N m (Ji et al., 2002); average stress drop, 25 bars (Ji et al., 2002); length of surface rupture, 48 km (Treiman et al., 2002); maximum right lateral displacement, 5.5 ± 0.5 m; average along main rupture, 2.5 m (Treiman et al., 2002); faults involved: Lavic Lake, Bullion, East Bullion, West Bullion, Mesquite Lake, and unnamed faults (Treiman et al., 2002).

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Index map of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake and surface rupture. Also shown is the distribution of Quaternary active faults in the greater southern Mojave Desert and Salton Trough regions (modified from Jennings, 1994). Heavy line, Hector Mine surface faulting; 1992 Landers epicenter shown for reference. Also included is a generalized geographic distribution of topics covered in this special issue. Most reports cover the mainshock area, the associated surface rupture, geodetic measures of movement, and other effects of the earthquake. A large number of reports also cover the greater epicentral region, either as comparisons between the Hector Mine earthquake and the 1992 Landers shock or as geological, seismological, geophysical, or engineering studies over a wide region. A few reports cover restricted geographic areas away from the mainshock; included in this category are studies of remotely triggered seismicity and triggered slip, both of which occurred in the Salton Trough.